輻射制冷技術(shù)在中國(guó)氣象衛(wèi)星上的應(yīng)用

董德平，張玉林，陸燕

(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海技術(shù)物理研究所，上海200083)

摘要：配置紅外探測(cè)通道的光學(xué)遙感儀器是氣象衛(wèi)星的主要栽荷之一.我國(guó)太陽(yáng)同步軌道和地球靜止軌道氣象衛(wèi)星的光學(xué)栽荷采用輻射制器冷卻紅外探測(cè)器及其后的光學(xué)部件。使其在規(guī)定的溫度工作。概要介紹了我國(guó)風(fēng)云系列氣象衛(wèi)星對(duì)制冷技術(shù)的要求以及近30年來(lái)所研制的不同型式輻射制冷器，給出了FY一1A一1D、FY一3A、FY一2A一2E氣象衛(wèi)星輻射制冷器的在軌飛行性能，闡述了輻射制冷技術(shù)在氣象衛(wèi)星上長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和實(shí)際結(jié)果。探討了輻射制冷技術(shù)在我國(guó)未來(lái)氣象衛(wèi)星上的應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：輻射制冷器; 紅外遙感; 氣象衛(wèi)星

中圖分類號(hào)：TB6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1007—2276(2012)01—0119—05

Application of radiant coolers on Chinese meteorological satellites

Dong Deping，Zhang Yulin。Lu Yan

(Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics.Chinese Academy of Sciences.Shanghai 200083.China)Abstract：Optical remote sensing instruments including IR detection channels a他always the major payloadsof meteorological satellites.Radiant coolers a used for cooling the IR detectors and its aft optics to thedesired temperatures，aboard on Chinese polar orbit meteorological satellites and geostationary orbitmeteorological satellites.Depending on the requirements of optical instruments and satellites on the radiantcoolers，the different style coolers such as W style，O style，L style，G style and octahedron-cone style inthe past 30 years were studied，and the flight performance of the radiant coolers on FY-1A to FY-1D。FY一3M3B，F(xiàn)Y-2A to FY-2E meteorological satellites were presented.The lowest temperature of radiant cooleron FY一3 satellite Was about 85 K and had 120 mW at 100 K.The concemed technologies needed for long—life operational meteorological satellites were discussed and its appfication results were also given.Thepossible application of passive cooling technology in future Was discussed.Key words：radiant cooler; IR remote sensing; meteorological satellite

0引言

輻射制冷器是一種被動(dòng)式制冷裝置.長(zhǎng)壽命、高可靠、無(wú)功耗。利用宇宙空間的高真空、深低溫和黑熱沉條件，輻冷器的高輻射率表面向宇宙輻射能量，進(jìn)行輻射換熱，降低輻射體溫度;利用高反射率表面的屏蔽和減少外界及寄生熱負(fù)荷，使輻射制冷器各級(jí)達(dá)到期望的溫度?。自1966年單級(jí)方錐形輻射制冷器s*次用于冷卻美國(guó)雨云I號(hào)衛(wèi)星高分辨率紅外輻射計(jì)的工作于200K的PbSe紅外探測(cè)器以來(lái)，各國(guó)科研人員研制出多種形式的輻射制冷器，并在極軌氣象衛(wèi)星(NOAA、Block、Meteor、FY—l、FY一3)、靜止氣象衛(wèi)星(GOES、METEOSAT、GMS、InSat、FY一2)、陸地資源衛(wèi)星(LandSat、ASEOS、ZY—1)和海洋衛(wèi)星(MOS)上大量使用.取得了良好的效果?。我國(guó)是自行研制太陽(yáng)同步軌道(極地軌道)和地球同步軌道(靜止軌道)氣象衛(wèi)星的少數(shù)國(guó)家之一.包含紅外探測(cè)通道的光學(xué)遙感儀器是氣象衛(wèi)星的主要載荷之一。我國(guó)分別于1988年和1997年發(fā)射第一顆極軌(FY—1)和第一顆靜止軌道(bY一2)氣象衛(wèi)星，其主載荷均采用輻射制冷技術(shù)作為紅外探測(cè)通道的制冷手段”。

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